// Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto // Copyright (c) 2009-2013 The Bitcoin developers // Distributed under the MIT/X11 software license, see the accompanying // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php. #include "miner.h" #include "core.h" #include "main.h" #include "net.h" #include "wallet.h" #include double dHashesPerSec = 0.0; int64_t nHPSTimerStart = 0; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // BitcoinMiner // int static FormatHashBlocks(void* pbuffer, unsigned int len) { unsigned char* pdata = (unsigned char*)pbuffer; unsigned int blocks = 1 + ((len + 8) / 64); unsigned char* pend = pdata + 64 * blocks; memset(pdata + len, 0, 64 * blocks - len); pdata[len] = 0x80; unsigned int bits = len * 8; pend[-1] = (bits >> 0) & 0xff; pend[-2] = (bits >> 8) & 0xff; pend[-3] = (bits >> 16) & 0xff; pend[-4] = (bits >> 24) & 0xff; return blocks; } static const unsigned int pSHA256InitState[8] = {0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19}; void SHA256Transform(void* pstate, void* pinput, const void* pinit) { SHA256_CTX ctx; unsigned char data[64]; SHA256_Init(&ctx); for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) ((uint32_t*)data)[i] = ByteReverse(((uint32_t*)pinput)[i]); for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) ctx.h[i] = ((uint32_t*)pinit)[i]; SHA256_Update(&ctx, data, sizeof(data)); for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) ((uint32_t*)pstate)[i] = ctx.h[i]; } // // ScanHash scans nonces looking for a hash with at least some zero bits. // It operates on big endian data. Caller does the byte reversing. // All input buffers are 16-byte aligned. nNonce is usually preserved // between calls, but periodically or if nNonce is 0xffff0000 or above, // the block is rebuilt and nNonce starts over at zero. // unsigned int static ScanHash_CryptoPP(char* pmidstate, char* pdata, char* phash1, char* phash, unsigned int& nHashesDone) { unsigned int& nNonce = *(unsigned int*)(pdata + 12); for (;;) { // Crypto++ SHA256 // Hash pdata using pmidstate as the starting state into // pre-formatted buffer phash1, then hash phash1 into phash nNonce++; SHA256Transform(phash1, pdata, pmidstate); SHA256Transform(phash, phash1, pSHA256InitState); // Return the nonce if the hash has at least some zero bits, // caller will check if it has enough to reach the target if (((unsigned short*)phash)[14] == 0) return nNonce; // If nothing found after trying for a while, return -1 if ((nNonce & 0xffff) == 0) { nHashesDone = 0xffff+1; return (unsigned int) -1; } if ((nNonce & 0xfff) == 0) boost::this_thread::interruption_point(); } } // Some explaining would be appreciated class COrphan { public: CTransaction* ptx; set setDependsOn; double dPriority; double dFeePerKb; COrphan(CTransaction* ptxIn) { ptx = ptxIn; dPriority = dFeePerKb = 0; } void print() const { LogPrintf("COrphan(hash=%s, dPriority=%.1f, dFeePerKb=%.1f)\n", ptx->GetHash().ToString().c_str(), dPriority, dFeePerKb); BOOST_FOREACH(uint256 hash, setDependsOn) LogPrintf(" setDependsOn %s\n", hash.ToString().c_str()); } }; uint64_t nLastBlockTx = 0; uint64_t nLastBlockSize = 0; // We want to sort transactions by priority and fee, so: typedef boost::tuple TxPriority; class TxPriorityCompare { bool byFee; public: TxPriorityCompare(bool _byFee) : byFee(_byFee) { } bool operator()(const TxPriority& a, const TxPriority& b) { if (byFee) { if (a.get<1>() == b.get<1>()) return a.get<0>() < b.get<0>(); return a.get<1>() < b.get<1>(); } else { if (a.get<0>() == b.get<0>()) return a.get<1>() < b.get<1>(); return a.get<0>() < b.get<0>(); } } }; CBlockTemplate* CreateNewBlock(const CScript& scriptPubKeyIn) { // Create new block auto_ptr pblocktemplate(new CBlockTemplate()); if(!pblocktemplate.get()) return NULL; CBlock *pblock = &pblocktemplate->block; // pointer for convenience // Create coinbase tx CTransaction txNew; txNew.vin.resize(1); txNew.vin[0].prevout.SetNull(); txNew.vout.resize(1); txNew.vout[0].scriptPubKey = scriptPubKeyIn; // Add our coinbase tx as first transaction pblock->vtx.push_back(txNew); pblocktemplate->vTxFees.push_back(-1); // updated at end pblocktemplate->vTxSigOps.push_back(-1); // updated at end // Largest block you're willing to create: unsigned int nBlockMaxSize = GetArg("-blockmaxsize", MAX_BLOCK_SIZE_GEN/2); // Limit to betweeen 1K and MAX_BLOCK_SIZE-1K for sanity: nBlockMaxSize = std::max((unsigned int)1000, std::min((unsigned int)(MAX_BLOCK_SIZE-1000), nBlockMaxSize)); // How much of the block should be dedicated to high-priority transactions, // included regardless of the fees they pay unsigned int nBlockPrioritySize = GetArg("-blockprioritysize", DEFAULT_BLOCK_PRIORITY_SIZE); nBlockPrioritySize = std::min(nBlockMaxSize, nBlockPrioritySize); // Minimum block size you want to create; block will be filled with free transactions // until there are no more or the block reaches this size: unsigned int nBlockMinSize = GetArg("-blockminsize", 0); nBlockMinSize = std::min(nBlockMaxSize, nBlockMinSize); // Collect memory pool transactions into the block int64_t nFees = 0; { LOCK2(cs_main, mempool.cs); CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = chainActive.Tip(); CCoinsViewCache view(*pcoinsTip, true); // Priority order to process transactions list vOrphan; // list memory doesn't move map > mapDependers; bool fPrintPriority = GetBoolArg("-printpriority", false); // This vector will be sorted into a priority queue: vector vecPriority; vecPriority.reserve(mempool.mapTx.size()); for (map::iterator mi = mempool.mapTx.begin(); mi != mempool.mapTx.end(); ++mi) { CTransaction& tx = (*mi).second; if (tx.IsCoinBase() || !IsFinalTx(tx)) continue; COrphan* porphan = NULL; double dPriority = 0; int64_t nTotalIn = 0; bool fMissingInputs = false; BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin) { // Read prev transaction if (!view.HaveCoins(txin.prevout.hash)) { // This should never happen; all transactions in the memory // pool should connect to either transactions in the chain // or other transactions in the memory pool. if (!mempool.mapTx.count(txin.prevout.hash)) { LogPrintf("ERROR: mempool transaction missing input\n"); if (fDebug) assert("mempool transaction missing input" == 0); fMissingInputs = true; if (porphan) vOrphan.pop_back(); break; } // Has to wait for dependencies if (!porphan) { // Use list for automatic deletion vOrphan.push_back(COrphan(&tx)); porphan = &vOrphan.back(); } mapDependers[txin.prevout.hash].push_back(porphan); porphan->setDependsOn.insert(txin.prevout.hash); nTotalIn += mempool.mapTx[txin.prevout.hash].vout[txin.prevout.n].nValue; continue; } const CCoins &coins = view.GetCoins(txin.prevout.hash); int64_t nValueIn = coins.vout[txin.prevout.n].nValue; nTotalIn += nValueIn; int nConf = pindexPrev->nHeight - coins.nHeight + 1; dPriority += (double)nValueIn * nConf; } if (fMissingInputs) continue; // Priority is sum(valuein * age) / modified_txsize unsigned int nTxSize = ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION); unsigned int nTxSizeMod = nTxSize; // In order to avoid disincentivizing cleaning up the UTXO set we don't count // the constant overhead for each txin and up to 110 bytes of scriptSig (which // is enough to cover a compressed pubkey p2sh redemption) for priority. // Providing any more cleanup incentive than making additional inputs free would // risk encouraging people to create junk outputs to redeem later. BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin) { unsigned int offset = 41U + min(110U, (unsigned int)txin.scriptSig.size()); if (nTxSizeMod > offset) nTxSizeMod -= offset; } dPriority /= nTxSizeMod; // This is a more accurate fee-per-kilobyte than is used by the client code, because the // client code rounds up the size to the nearest 1K. That's good, because it gives an // incentive to create smaller transactions. double dFeePerKb = double(nTotalIn-GetValueOut(tx)) / (double(nTxSize)/1000.0); if (porphan) { porphan->dPriority = dPriority; porphan->dFeePerKb = dFeePerKb; } else vecPriority.push_back(TxPriority(dPriority, dFeePerKb, &(*mi).second)); } // Collect transactions into block uint64_t nBlockSize = 1000; uint64_t nBlockTx = 0; int nBlockSigOps = 100; bool fSortedByFee = (nBlockPrioritySize <= 0); TxPriorityCompare comparer(fSortedByFee); std::make_heap(vecPriority.begin(), vecPriority.end(), comparer); while (!vecPriority.empty()) { // Take highest priority transaction off the priority queue: double dPriority = vecPriority.front().get<0>(); double dFeePerKb = vecPriority.front().get<1>(); CTransaction& tx = *(vecPriority.front().get<2>()); std::pop_heap(vecPriority.begin(), vecPriority.end(), comparer); vecPriority.pop_back(); // Size limits unsigned int nTxSize = ::GetSerializeSize(tx, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION); if (nBlockSize + nTxSize >= nBlockMaxSize) continue; // Legacy limits on sigOps: unsigned int nTxSigOps = GetLegacySigOpCount(tx); if (nBlockSigOps + nTxSigOps >= MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS) continue; // Skip free transactions if we're past the minimum block size: if (fSortedByFee && (dFeePerKb < CTransaction::nMinTxFee) && (nBlockSize + nTxSize >= nBlockMinSize)) continue; // Prioritize by fee once past the priority size or we run out of high-priority // transactions: if (!fSortedByFee && ((nBlockSize + nTxSize >= nBlockPrioritySize) || !AllowFree(dPriority))) { fSortedByFee = true; comparer = TxPriorityCompare(fSortedByFee); std::make_heap(vecPriority.begin(), vecPriority.end(), comparer); } if (!view.HaveInputs(tx)) continue; int64_t nTxFees = view.GetValueIn(tx)-GetValueOut(tx); nTxSigOps += GetP2SHSigOpCount(tx, view); if (nBlockSigOps + nTxSigOps >= MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS) continue; CValidationState state; if (!CheckInputs(tx, state, view, true, SCRIPT_VERIFY_P2SH)) continue; CTxUndo txundo; uint256 hash = tx.GetHash(); UpdateCoins(tx, state, view, txundo, pindexPrev->nHeight+1, hash); // Added pblock->vtx.push_back(tx); pblocktemplate->vTxFees.push_back(nTxFees); pblocktemplate->vTxSigOps.push_back(nTxSigOps); nBlockSize += nTxSize; ++nBlockTx; nBlockSigOps += nTxSigOps; nFees += nTxFees; if (fPrintPriority) { LogPrintf("priority %.1f feeperkb %.1f txid %s\n", dPriority, dFeePerKb, tx.GetHash().ToString().c_str()); } // Add transactions that depend on this one to the priority queue if (mapDependers.count(hash)) { BOOST_FOREACH(COrphan* porphan, mapDependers[hash]) { if (!porphan->setDependsOn.empty()) { porphan->setDependsOn.erase(hash); if (porphan->setDependsOn.empty()) { vecPriority.push_back(TxPriority(porphan->dPriority, porphan->dFeePerKb, porphan->ptx)); std::push_heap(vecPriority.begin(), vecPriority.end(), comparer); } } } } } nLastBlockTx = nBlockTx; nLastBlockSize = nBlockSize; LogPrintf("CreateNewBlock(): total size %"PRIu64"\n", nBlockSize); pblock->vtx[0].vout[0].nValue = GetBlockValue(pindexPrev->nHeight+1, nFees); pblocktemplate->vTxFees[0] = -nFees; // Fill in header pblock->hashPrevBlock = pindexPrev->GetBlockHash(); UpdateTime(*pblock, pindexPrev); pblock->nBits = GetNextWorkRequired(pindexPrev, pblock); pblock->nNonce = 0; pblock->vtx[0].vin[0].scriptSig = CScript() << OP_0 << OP_0; pblocktemplate->vTxSigOps[0] = GetLegacySigOpCount(pblock->vtx[0]); CBlockIndex indexDummy(*pblock); indexDummy.pprev = pindexPrev; indexDummy.nHeight = pindexPrev->nHeight + 1; CCoinsViewCache viewNew(*pcoinsTip, true); CValidationState state; if (!ConnectBlock(*pblock, state, &indexDummy, viewNew, true)) throw std::runtime_error("CreateNewBlock() : ConnectBlock failed"); } return pblocktemplate.release(); } CBlockTemplate* CreateNewBlockWithKey(CReserveKey& reservekey) { CPubKey pubkey; if (!reservekey.GetReservedKey(pubkey)) return NULL; CScript scriptPubKey = CScript() << pubkey << OP_CHECKSIG; return CreateNewBlock(scriptPubKey); } void IncrementExtraNonce(CBlock* pblock, CBlockIndex* pindexPrev, unsigned int& nExtraNonce) { // Update nExtraNonce static uint256 hashPrevBlock; if (hashPrevBlock != pblock->hashPrevBlock) { nExtraNonce = 0; hashPrevBlock = pblock->hashPrevBlock; } ++nExtraNonce; unsigned int nHeight = pindexPrev->nHeight+1; // Height first in coinbase required for block.version=2 pblock->vtx[0].vin[0].scriptSig = (CScript() << nHeight << CBigNum(nExtraNonce)) + COINBASE_FLAGS; assert(pblock->vtx[0].vin[0].scriptSig.size() <= 100); pblock->hashMerkleRoot = pblock->BuildMerkleTree(); } void FormatHashBuffers(CBlock* pblock, char* pmidstate, char* pdata, char* phash1) { // // Pre-build hash buffers // struct { struct unnamed2 { int nVersion; uint256 hashPrevBlock; uint256 hashMerkleRoot; unsigned int nTime; unsigned int nBits; unsigned int nNonce; } block; unsigned char pchPadding0[64]; uint256 hash1; unsigned char pchPadding1[64]; } tmp; memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp)); tmp.block.nVersion = pblock->nVersion; tmp.block.hashPrevBlock = pblock->hashPrevBlock; tmp.block.hashMerkleRoot = pblock->hashMerkleRoot; tmp.block.nTime = pblock->nTime; tmp.block.nBits = pblock->nBits; tmp.block.nNonce = pblock->nNonce; FormatHashBlocks(&tmp.block, sizeof(tmp.block)); FormatHashBlocks(&tmp.hash1, sizeof(tmp.hash1)); // Byte swap all the input buffer for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(tmp)/4; i++) ((unsigned int*)&tmp)[i] = ByteReverse(((unsigned int*)&tmp)[i]); // Precalc the first half of the first hash, which stays constant SHA256Transform(pmidstate, &tmp.block, pSHA256InitState); memcpy(pdata, &tmp.block, 128); memcpy(phash1, &tmp.hash1, 64); } bool CheckWork(CBlock* pblock, CWallet& wallet, CReserveKey& reservekey) { uint256 hash = pblock->GetHash(); uint256 hashTarget = CBigNum().SetCompact(pblock->nBits).getuint256(); if (hash > hashTarget) return false; //// debug print LogPrintf("BitcoinMiner:\n"); LogPrintf("proof-of-work found \n hash: %s \ntarget: %s\n", hash.GetHex().c_str(), hashTarget.GetHex().c_str()); pblock->print(); LogPrintf("generated %s\n", FormatMoney(pblock->vtx[0].vout[0].nValue).c_str()); // Found a solution { LOCK(cs_main); if (pblock->hashPrevBlock != chainActive.Tip()->GetBlockHash()) return error("BitcoinMiner : generated block is stale"); // Remove key from key pool reservekey.KeepKey(); // Track how many getdata requests this block gets { LOCK(wallet.cs_wallet); wallet.mapRequestCount[pblock->GetHash()] = 0; } // Process this block the same as if we had received it from another node CValidationState state; if (!ProcessBlock(state, NULL, pblock)) return error("BitcoinMiner : ProcessBlock, block not accepted"); } return true; } void static BitcoinMiner(CWallet *pwallet) { LogPrintf("BitcoinMiner started\n"); SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST); RenameThread("bitcoin-miner"); // Each thread has its own key and counter CReserveKey reservekey(pwallet); unsigned int nExtraNonce = 0; try { while (true) { if (Params().NetworkID() != CChainParams::REGTEST) { // Busy-wait for the network to come online so we don't waste time mining // on an obsolete chain. In regtest mode we expect to fly solo. while (vNodes.empty()) MilliSleep(1000); } // // Create new block // unsigned int nTransactionsUpdatedLast = mempool.GetTransactionsUpdated(); CBlockIndex* pindexPrev = chainActive.Tip(); auto_ptr pblocktemplate(CreateNewBlockWithKey(reservekey)); if (!pblocktemplate.get()) return; CBlock *pblock = &pblocktemplate->block; IncrementExtraNonce(pblock, pindexPrev, nExtraNonce); LogPrintf("Running BitcoinMiner with %"PRIszu" transactions in block (%u bytes)\n", pblock->vtx.size(), ::GetSerializeSize(*pblock, SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION)); // // Pre-build hash buffers // char pmidstatebuf[32+16]; char* pmidstate = alignup<16>(pmidstatebuf); char pdatabuf[128+16]; char* pdata = alignup<16>(pdatabuf); char phash1buf[64+16]; char* phash1 = alignup<16>(phash1buf); FormatHashBuffers(pblock, pmidstate, pdata, phash1); unsigned int& nBlockTime = *(unsigned int*)(pdata + 64 + 4); unsigned int& nBlockBits = *(unsigned int*)(pdata + 64 + 8); unsigned int& nBlockNonce = *(unsigned int*)(pdata + 64 + 12); // // Search // int64_t nStart = GetTime(); uint256 hashTarget = CBigNum().SetCompact(pblock->nBits).getuint256(); uint256 hashbuf[2]; uint256& hash = *alignup<16>(hashbuf); while (true) { unsigned int nHashesDone = 0; unsigned int nNonceFound; // Crypto++ SHA256 nNonceFound = ScanHash_CryptoPP(pmidstate, pdata + 64, phash1, (char*)&hash, nHashesDone); // Check if something found if (nNonceFound != (unsigned int) -1) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(hash)/4; i++) ((unsigned int*)&hash)[i] = ByteReverse(((unsigned int*)&hash)[i]); if (hash <= hashTarget) { // Found a solution pblock->nNonce = ByteReverse(nNonceFound); assert(hash == pblock->GetHash()); SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL); CheckWork(pblock, *pwallet, reservekey); SetThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST); // In regression test mode, stop mining after a block is found. This // allows developers to controllably generate a block on demand. if (Params().NetworkID() == CChainParams::REGTEST) throw boost::thread_interrupted(); break; } } // Meter hashes/sec static int64_t nHashCounter; if (nHPSTimerStart == 0) { nHPSTimerStart = GetTimeMillis(); nHashCounter = 0; } else nHashCounter += nHashesDone; if (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart > 4000) { static CCriticalSection cs; { LOCK(cs); if (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart > 4000) { dHashesPerSec = 1000.0 * nHashCounter / (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart); nHPSTimerStart = GetTimeMillis(); nHashCounter = 0; static int64_t nLogTime; if (GetTime() - nLogTime > 30 * 60) { nLogTime = GetTime(); LogPrintf("hashmeter %6.0f khash/s\n", dHashesPerSec/1000.0); } } } } // Check for stop or if block needs to be rebuilt boost::this_thread::interruption_point(); if (vNodes.empty() && Params().NetworkID() != CChainParams::REGTEST) break; if (nBlockNonce >= 0xffff0000) break; if (mempool.GetTransactionsUpdated() != nTransactionsUpdatedLast && GetTime() - nStart > 60) break; if (pindexPrev != chainActive.Tip()) break; // Update nTime every few seconds UpdateTime(*pblock, pindexPrev); nBlockTime = ByteReverse(pblock->nTime); if (TestNet()) { // Changing pblock->nTime can change work required on testnet: nBlockBits = ByteReverse(pblock->nBits); hashTarget = CBigNum().SetCompact(pblock->nBits).getuint256(); } } } } catch (boost::thread_interrupted) { LogPrintf("BitcoinMiner terminated\n"); throw; } } void GenerateBitcoins(bool fGenerate, CWallet* pwallet) { static boost::thread_group* minerThreads = NULL; int nThreads = GetArg("-genproclimit", -1); if (nThreads < 0) { if (Params().NetworkID() == CChainParams::REGTEST) nThreads = 1; else nThreads = boost::thread::hardware_concurrency(); } if (minerThreads != NULL) { minerThreads->interrupt_all(); delete minerThreads; minerThreads = NULL; } if (nThreads == 0 || !fGenerate) return; minerThreads = new boost::thread_group(); for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) minerThreads->create_thread(boost::bind(&BitcoinMiner, pwallet)); }